CPI-median (Bank of Canada Core)

(CPI_MEDIAN)
Observations
Aug 2026: 224.5
Updated: 2026-10-09, 6:24:42 a.m. ET
Units
Index, January 1989=100,
Not seasonally adjusted
Frequency
Monthly
Source
Statistics Canada, Consumer Price Index (Bank of Canada core measures)
Series ID
CPI_MEDIAN
Table 18-10-0256-01
CREDCPI-median (Bank of Canada Core)
COVID-19 recessionGlobal Financial CrisisEarly 1990s recession1001201401601802002202401989199319972001200520092013201720212025Index, January 1989=1001989-01-01: 1001989-02-01: 100.51989-03-01: 100.91989-04-01: 101.41989-05-01: 101.81989-06-01: 102.21989-07-01: 102.71989-08-01: 1031989-09-01: 103.31989-10-01: 103.61989-11-01: 103.91989-12-01: 104.21990-01-01: 104.71990-02-01: 104.91990-03-01: 105.31990-04-01: 105.71990-05-01: 105.91990-06-01: 106.21990-07-01: 106.61990-08-01: 106.91990-09-01: 107.21990-10-01: 107.61990-11-01: 1081990-12-01: 108.31991-01-01: 108.81991-02-01: 109.21991-03-01: 109.41991-04-01: 109.61991-05-01: 109.91991-06-01: 110.11991-07-01: 110.31991-08-01: 110.61991-09-01: 110.81991-10-01: 110.91991-11-01: 111.11991-12-01: 1111992-01-01: 111.21992-02-01: 111.41992-03-01: 111.51992-04-01: 111.71992-05-01: 111.91992-06-01: 112.11992-07-01: 112.31992-08-01: 112.51992-09-01: 112.61992-10-01: 112.81992-11-01: 1131992-12-01: 113.21993-01-01: 113.41993-02-01: 113.51993-03-01: 113.61993-04-01: 113.81993-05-01: 113.91993-06-01: 114.11993-07-01: 114.31993-08-01: 114.41993-09-01: 114.51993-10-01: 114.81993-11-01: 114.81993-12-01: 1151994-01-01: 115.11994-02-01: 115.31994-03-01: 115.51994-04-01: 115.61994-05-01: 115.61994-06-01: 115.71994-07-01: 115.91994-08-01: 1161994-09-01: 116.21994-10-01: 116.31994-11-01: 116.61994-12-01: 116.91995-01-01: 117.11995-02-01: 117.41995-03-01: 117.61995-04-01: 117.81995-05-01: 1181995-06-01: 118.11995-07-01: 118.31995-08-01: 118.41995-09-01: 118.51995-10-01: 118.61995-11-01: 118.61995-12-01: 118.71996-01-01: 118.81996-02-01: 1191996-03-01: 119.11996-04-01: 119.31996-05-01: 119.41996-06-01: 119.61996-07-01: 119.71996-08-01: 119.81996-09-01: 1201996-10-01: 120.11996-11-01: 120.31996-12-01: 120.41997-01-01: 120.51997-02-01: 120.51997-03-01: 120.71997-04-01: 120.81997-05-01: 120.91997-06-01: 1211997-07-01: 1211997-08-01: 121.21997-09-01: 121.21997-10-01: 121.41997-11-01: 121.41997-12-01: 121.51998-01-01: 121.81998-02-01: 1221998-03-01: 1221998-04-01: 122.21998-05-01: 122.31998-06-01: 122.41998-07-01: 122.51998-08-01: 122.71998-09-01: 122.71998-10-01: 122.91998-11-01: 1231998-12-01: 1231999-01-01: 123.21999-02-01: 123.31999-03-01: 123.41999-04-01: 123.61999-05-01: 123.71999-06-01: 123.81999-07-01: 1241999-08-01: 124.11999-09-01: 124.31999-10-01: 124.51999-11-01: 124.61999-12-01: 124.82000-01-01: 124.82000-02-01: 1252000-03-01: 125.12000-04-01: 125.32000-05-01: 125.52000-06-01: 125.82000-07-01: 1262000-08-01: 126.22000-09-01: 126.32000-10-01: 126.62000-11-01: 126.92000-12-01: 127.22001-01-01: 127.32001-02-01: 127.62001-03-01: 127.82001-04-01: 128.12001-05-01: 128.32001-06-01: 128.62001-07-01: 128.92001-08-01: 1292001-09-01: 129.22001-10-01: 129.42001-11-01: 129.52001-12-01: 129.72002-01-01: 1302002-02-01: 130.12002-03-01: 130.32002-04-01: 130.72002-05-01: 130.92002-06-01: 131.32002-07-01: 131.52002-08-01: 131.82002-09-01: 1322002-10-01: 132.12002-11-01: 132.32002-12-01: 132.52003-01-01: 132.82003-02-01: 133.22003-03-01: 133.42003-04-01: 133.62003-05-01: 133.82003-06-01: 133.92003-07-01: 134.32003-08-01: 134.42003-09-01: 134.52003-10-01: 134.72003-11-01: 134.82003-12-01: 135.12004-01-01: 135.22004-02-01: 135.32004-03-01: 135.42004-04-01: 135.72004-05-01: 1362004-06-01: 136.12004-07-01: 136.42004-08-01: 136.62004-09-01: 136.82004-10-01: 1372004-11-01: 137.32004-12-01: 137.62005-01-01: 137.72005-02-01: 137.82005-03-01: 138.12005-04-01: 138.22005-05-01: 138.42005-06-01: 138.72005-07-01: 138.92005-08-01: 139.12005-09-01: 139.32005-10-01: 139.62005-11-01: 139.82005-12-01: 1402006-01-01: 140.22006-02-01: 140.32006-03-01: 140.72006-04-01: 140.82006-05-01: 141.22006-06-01: 141.32006-07-01: 141.72006-08-01: 141.92006-09-01: 142.22006-10-01: 142.52006-11-01: 142.92006-12-01: 143.12007-01-01: 143.32007-02-01: 143.82007-03-01: 144.12007-04-01: 144.32007-05-01: 144.82007-06-01: 145.12007-07-01: 145.32007-08-01: 145.52007-09-01: 1462007-10-01: 146.12007-11-01: 146.22007-12-01: 146.52008-01-01: 1472008-02-01: 147.42008-03-01: 147.52008-04-01: 1482008-05-01: 148.32008-06-01: 148.72008-07-01: 149.12008-08-01: 149.52008-09-01: 149.72008-10-01: 149.92008-11-01: 150.22008-12-01: 150.42009-01-01: 150.72009-02-01: 151.12009-03-01: 151.22009-04-01: 151.32009-05-01: 151.52009-06-01: 151.82009-07-01: 151.92009-08-01: 1522009-09-01: 152.22009-10-01: 152.42009-11-01: 152.92009-12-01: 1532010-01-01: 153.32010-02-01: 153.62010-03-01: 153.62010-04-01: 153.82010-05-01: 153.92010-06-01: 154.12010-07-01: 154.42010-08-01: 154.42010-09-01: 154.72010-10-01: 1552010-11-01: 155.12010-12-01: 155.42011-01-01: 155.72011-02-01: 155.82011-03-01: 156.32011-04-01: 156.52011-05-01: 156.92011-06-01: 157.12011-07-01: 157.32011-08-01: 157.62011-09-01: 157.82011-10-01: 1582011-11-01: 158.32011-12-01: 158.42012-01-01: 158.82012-02-01: 159.12012-03-01: 159.22012-04-01: 159.62012-05-01: 159.62012-06-01: 159.62012-07-01: 159.92012-08-01: 160.22012-09-01: 160.42012-10-01: 160.62012-11-01: 160.92012-12-01: 161.12013-01-01: 161.12013-02-01: 161.62013-03-01: 161.82013-04-01: 1622013-05-01: 162.12013-06-01: 162.42013-07-01: 162.62013-08-01: 162.82013-09-01: 1632013-10-01: 163.12013-11-01: 163.32013-12-01: 163.62014-01-01: 163.82014-02-01: 164.12014-03-01: 164.42014-04-01: 164.72014-05-01: 1652014-06-01: 165.32014-07-01: 165.32014-08-01: 165.62014-09-01: 165.92014-10-01: 166.12014-11-01: 166.32014-12-01: 166.52015-01-01: 166.82015-02-01: 1672015-03-01: 167.32015-04-01: 167.42015-05-01: 167.82015-06-01: 1682015-07-01: 168.32015-08-01: 168.62015-09-01: 168.82015-10-01: 169.12015-11-01: 169.52015-12-01: 169.92016-01-01: 170.12016-02-01: 170.22016-03-01: 170.62016-04-01: 170.92016-05-01: 171.22016-06-01: 171.52016-07-01: 171.72016-08-01: 171.92016-09-01: 172.22016-10-01: 172.62016-11-01: 172.72016-12-01: 172.92017-01-01: 173.12017-02-01: 173.22017-03-01: 173.42017-04-01: 173.62017-05-01: 173.92017-06-01: 174.12017-07-01: 174.42017-08-01: 174.72017-09-01: 174.92017-10-01: 175.22017-11-01: 175.62017-12-01: 175.92018-01-01: 176.22018-02-01: 176.62018-03-01: 176.72018-04-01: 1772018-05-01: 177.22018-06-01: 177.52018-07-01: 177.82018-08-01: 178.22018-09-01: 178.32018-10-01: 178.72018-11-01: 178.92018-12-01: 179.22019-01-01: 179.52019-02-01: 180.12019-03-01: 180.42019-04-01: 180.52019-05-01: 180.92019-06-01: 181.22019-07-01: 181.52019-08-01: 181.82019-09-01: 1822019-10-01: 182.42019-11-01: 182.72019-12-01: 1832020-01-01: 183.22020-02-01: 183.52020-03-01: 183.72020-04-01: 1842020-05-01: 184.12020-06-01: 184.52020-07-01: 184.72020-08-01: 185.12020-09-01: 185.62020-10-01: 186.32020-11-01: 186.62020-12-01: 186.82021-01-01: 187.22021-02-01: 187.62021-03-01: 187.92021-04-01: 188.32021-05-01: 188.82021-06-01: 189.42021-07-01: 1902021-08-01: 190.72021-09-01: 191.32021-10-01: 191.82021-11-01: 192.32021-12-01: 193.12022-01-01: 194.12022-02-01: 195.12022-03-01: 196.22022-04-01: 197.52022-05-01: 198.62022-06-01: 199.22022-07-01: 2002022-08-01: 200.42022-09-01: 201.22022-10-01: 202.12022-11-01: 202.52022-12-01: 203.12023-01-01: 203.72023-02-01: 204.32023-03-01: 204.92023-04-01: 205.72023-05-01: 206.12023-06-01: 206.72023-07-01: 207.52023-08-01: 208.32023-09-01: 208.92023-10-01: 209.12023-11-01: 209.92023-12-01: 210.92024-01-01: 211.22024-02-01: 211.32024-03-01: 211.72024-04-01: 211.92024-05-01: 212.62024-06-01: 213.12024-07-01: 213.32024-08-01: 213.72024-09-01: 214.12024-10-01: 214.82024-11-01: 215.42024-12-01: 215.92025-01-01: 216.42025-02-01: 217.12025-03-01: 217.52025-04-01: 218.42025-05-01: 218.82025-06-01: 219.32025-07-01: 219.62025-08-01: 220.12025-09-01: 220.72025-10-01: 221.12025-11-01: 221.42025-12-01: 221.52026-01-01: 221.82026-02-01: 222.12026-03-01: 222.62026-04-01: 2232026-05-01: 223.32026-06-01: 223.52026-07-01: 2242026-08-01: 224.5
Source: Statistics Canada, Consumer Price Index (Bank of Canada core measures) via CRED
Shaded areas indicate Canadian recessions (C.D. Howe Institute).

Notes

Units: Index, January 1989=100, Not seasonally adjusted

Frequency: Monthly

Notes: CPI-median, the Bank of Canada's preferred core inflation measure, indexed to January 1989=100. Each month it takes the weighted median of price changes across the CPI basket, filtering out extreme moves in either direction. Published monthly, not seasonally adjusted.

Suggested Citation: Statistics Canada, CPI-median (Bank of Canada Core) CPI_MEDIAN, retrieved from CRED, Canadian Research Economic Data; https://cred.nshipyard.com/series/CPI_MEDIAN, October 9, 2026.

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CREDConsumer Price Index, All-items
COVID-19 recession130135140145150155160165170175201620182020202220242026Index, 2002=1002016-09-01: 128.82016-10-01: 129.12016-11-01: 128.62016-12-01: 128.42017-01-01: 129.52017-02-01: 129.72017-03-01: 129.92017-04-01: 130.42017-05-01: 130.52017-06-01: 130.42017-07-01: 130.42017-08-01: 130.52017-09-01: 130.82017-10-01: 130.92017-11-01: 131.32017-12-01: 130.82018-01-01: 131.72018-02-01: 132.52018-03-01: 132.92018-04-01: 133.32018-05-01: 133.42018-06-01: 133.62018-07-01: 134.32018-08-01: 134.22018-09-01: 133.72018-10-01: 134.12018-11-01: 133.52018-12-01: 133.42019-01-01: 133.62019-02-01: 134.52019-03-01: 135.42019-04-01: 1362019-05-01: 136.62019-06-01: 136.32019-07-01: 1372019-08-01: 136.82019-09-01: 136.22019-10-01: 136.62019-11-01: 136.42019-12-01: 136.42020-01-01: 136.82020-02-01: 137.42020-03-01: 136.62020-04-01: 135.72020-05-01: 136.12020-06-01: 137.22020-07-01: 137.22020-08-01: 1372020-09-01: 136.92020-10-01: 137.52020-11-01: 137.72020-12-01: 137.42021-01-01: 138.22021-02-01: 138.92021-03-01: 139.62021-04-01: 140.32021-05-01: 1412021-06-01: 141.42021-07-01: 142.32021-08-01: 142.62021-09-01: 142.92021-10-01: 143.92021-11-01: 144.22021-12-01: 1442022-01-01: 145.32022-02-01: 146.82022-03-01: 148.92022-04-01: 149.82022-05-01: 151.92022-06-01: 152.92022-07-01: 153.12022-08-01: 152.62022-09-01: 152.72022-10-01: 153.82022-11-01: 1542022-12-01: 153.12023-01-01: 153.92023-02-01: 154.52023-03-01: 155.32023-04-01: 156.42023-05-01: 1572023-06-01: 157.22023-07-01: 158.12023-08-01: 158.72023-09-01: 158.52023-10-01: 158.62023-11-01: 158.82023-12-01: 158.32024-01-01: 158.32024-02-01: 158.82024-03-01: 159.82024-04-01: 160.62024-05-01: 161.52024-06-01: 161.42024-07-01: 162.12024-08-01: 161.82024-09-01: 161.12024-10-01: 161.82024-11-01: 161.82024-12-01: 161.22025-01-01: 161.32025-02-01: 1632025-03-01: 163.52025-04-01: 163.42025-05-01: 164.32025-06-01: 164.42025-07-01: 164.92025-08-01: 164.82025-09-01: 164.92025-10-01: 165.32025-11-01: 165.42025-12-01: 1652026-01-01: 1652026-02-01: 165.92026-03-01: 167.42026-04-01: 1682026-05-01: 169.62026-06-01: 1692026-07-01: 169.92026-08-01: 169.8
Source: Statistics Canada, Consumer Price Index via CRED
Shaded areas indicate Canadian recessions (C.D. Howe Institute).

Consumer Price Index, All-items

CREDConsumer Price Index, All-items (Seasonally Adjusted)
COVID-19 recession130135140145150155160165170175201620182020202220242026Index, 2002=1002016-09-01: 128.82016-10-01: 129.12016-11-01: 128.92016-12-01: 129.32017-01-01: 130.12017-02-01: 129.92017-03-01: 129.72017-04-01: 130.12017-05-01: 129.92017-06-01: 129.92017-07-01: 130.12017-08-01: 130.42017-09-01: 130.72017-10-01: 130.92017-11-01: 131.72017-12-01: 131.82018-01-01: 132.32018-02-01: 132.62018-03-01: 132.72018-04-01: 132.82018-05-01: 132.92018-06-01: 133.12018-07-01: 133.72018-08-01: 133.92018-09-01: 133.82018-10-01: 134.22018-11-01: 1342018-12-01: 134.32019-01-01: 134.32019-02-01: 134.72019-03-01: 135.22019-04-01: 135.62019-05-01: 1362019-06-01: 135.92019-07-01: 136.42019-08-01: 136.42019-09-01: 136.32019-10-01: 136.72019-11-01: 136.82019-12-01: 137.32020-01-01: 137.52020-02-01: 137.72020-03-01: 136.32020-04-01: 135.62020-05-01: 135.42020-06-01: 136.52020-07-01: 136.52020-08-01: 136.82020-09-01: 137.12020-10-01: 137.52020-11-01: 1382020-12-01: 138.52021-01-01: 139.12021-02-01: 139.42021-03-01: 139.52021-04-01: 139.92021-05-01: 140.32021-06-01: 140.72021-07-01: 141.42021-08-01: 142.32021-09-01: 143.12021-10-01: 143.92021-11-01: 144.52021-12-01: 145.22022-01-01: 146.32022-02-01: 147.32022-03-01: 148.92022-04-01: 149.42022-05-01: 151.12022-06-01: 152.22022-07-01: 152.22022-08-01: 152.12022-09-01: 152.82022-10-01: 153.72022-11-01: 154.32022-12-01: 154.22023-01-01: 154.92023-02-01: 155.12023-03-01: 155.32023-04-01: 156.12023-05-01: 156.22023-06-01: 156.62023-07-01: 157.22023-08-01: 158.32023-09-01: 158.62023-10-01: 158.52023-11-01: 1592023-12-01: 159.42024-01-01: 159.42024-02-01: 159.42024-03-01: 159.82024-04-01: 160.32024-05-01: 160.72024-06-01: 160.82024-07-01: 161.22024-08-01: 161.32024-09-01: 161.22024-10-01: 161.72024-11-01: 1622024-12-01: 162.32025-01-01: 162.52025-02-01: 163.52025-03-01: 163.52025-04-01: 163.12025-05-01: 163.52025-06-01: 163.92025-07-01: 1642025-08-01: 164.32025-09-01: 1652025-10-01: 165.22025-11-01: 165.62025-12-01: 166.12026-01-01: 166.22026-02-01: 166.52026-03-01: 167.32026-04-01: 167.92026-05-01: 168.62026-06-01: 168.52026-07-01: 168.92026-08-01: 169.3
Source: Statistics Canada, Consumer Price Index via CRED
Shaded areas indicate Canadian recessions (C.D. Howe Institute).

Consumer Price Index, All-items (Seasonally Adjusted)

CREDCPI: Shelter
COVID-19 recession140150160170180190200201620182020202220242026Index, 2002=1002016-09-01: 136.22016-10-01: 136.92016-11-01: 137.22016-12-01: 137.32017-01-01: 137.82017-02-01: 137.62017-03-01: 137.72017-04-01: 137.92017-05-01: 137.72017-06-01: 137.82017-07-01: 137.72017-08-01: 1382017-09-01: 138.12017-10-01: 138.62017-11-01: 138.92017-12-01: 139.22018-01-01: 139.72018-02-01: 1402018-03-01: 1402018-04-01: 140.32018-05-01: 140.42018-06-01: 140.52018-07-01: 1412018-08-01: 141.22018-09-01: 141.52018-10-01: 1422018-11-01: 142.32018-12-01: 142.32019-01-01: 1432019-02-01: 143.42019-03-01: 143.82019-04-01: 144.12019-05-01: 144.22019-06-01: 1442019-07-01: 144.32019-08-01: 144.62019-09-01: 144.82019-10-01: 145.72019-11-01: 145.92019-12-01: 146.32020-01-01: 146.42020-02-01: 146.72020-03-01: 146.52020-04-01: 1462020-05-01: 145.62020-06-01: 146.42020-07-01: 146.42020-08-01: 146.82020-09-01: 147.32020-10-01: 148.32020-11-01: 148.72020-12-01: 148.72021-01-01: 148.42021-02-01: 148.82021-03-01: 1502021-04-01: 150.72021-05-01: 151.72021-06-01: 152.82021-07-01: 153.52021-08-01: 153.92021-09-01: 154.42021-10-01: 155.42021-11-01: 155.92021-12-01: 156.82022-01-01: 157.62022-02-01: 158.62022-03-01: 160.22022-04-01: 161.92022-05-01: 1632022-06-01: 163.62022-07-01: 164.22022-08-01: 164.12022-09-01: 164.92022-10-01: 166.22022-11-01: 167.22022-12-01: 167.82023-01-01: 1682023-02-01: 168.32023-03-01: 168.92023-04-01: 169.92023-05-01: 170.62023-06-01: 171.42023-07-01: 172.62023-08-01: 1742023-09-01: 174.82023-10-01: 176.32023-11-01: 177.12023-12-01: 177.82024-01-01: 178.42024-02-01: 179.22024-03-01: 179.92024-04-01: 180.82024-05-01: 181.52024-06-01: 182.12024-07-01: 182.52024-08-01: 183.32024-09-01: 183.52024-10-01: 184.82024-11-01: 185.32024-12-01: 185.82025-01-01: 186.42025-02-01: 186.72025-03-01: 1872025-04-01: 186.92025-05-01: 186.92025-06-01: 187.32025-07-01: 187.92025-08-01: 1882025-09-01: 188.22025-10-01: 189.42025-11-01: 189.62025-12-01: 189.72026-01-01: 189.62026-02-01: 189.52026-03-01: 190.12026-04-01: 190.22026-05-01: 190.12026-06-01: 190.22026-07-01: 190.32026-08-01: 190.9
Source: Statistics Canada, Consumer Price Index via CRED
Shaded areas indicate Canadian recessions (C.D. Howe Institute).

CPI: Shelter

CREDCPI: All-items Excluding Food and Energy
COVID-19 recession125130135140145150155160201620182020202220242026Index, 2002=1002016-09-01: 124.12016-10-01: 124.12016-11-01: 124.12016-12-01: 124.42017-01-01: 124.92017-02-01: 124.92017-03-01: 124.92017-04-01: 124.92017-05-01: 125.12017-06-01: 125.32017-07-01: 125.52017-08-01: 125.62017-09-01: 125.62017-10-01: 125.92017-11-01: 126.32017-12-01: 126.52018-01-01: 126.82018-02-01: 127.22018-03-01: 127.22018-04-01: 127.32018-05-01: 127.12018-06-01: 127.52018-07-01: 1282018-08-01: 128.22018-09-01: 128.22018-10-01: 128.52018-11-01: 128.72018-12-01: 129.32019-01-01: 129.12019-02-01: 129.52019-03-01: 129.72019-04-01: 1302019-05-01: 130.42019-06-01: 130.52019-07-01: 130.82019-08-01: 1312019-09-01: 131.12019-10-01: 131.42019-11-01: 131.12019-12-01: 131.42020-01-01: 131.52020-02-01: 1322020-03-01: 131.92020-04-01: 131.72020-05-01: 131.42020-06-01: 131.82020-07-01: 131.52020-08-01: 131.72020-09-01: 1322020-10-01: 132.32020-11-01: 132.82020-12-01: 132.92021-01-01: 133.42021-02-01: 133.32021-03-01: 133.42021-04-01: 1342021-05-01: 134.42021-06-01: 134.72021-07-01: 135.22021-08-01: 135.72021-09-01: 136.12021-10-01: 136.52021-11-01: 136.82021-12-01: 137.42022-01-01: 138.22022-02-01: 138.72022-03-01: 139.62022-04-01: 140.42022-05-01: 141.22022-06-01: 141.92022-07-01: 142.52022-08-01: 142.82022-09-01: 143.52022-10-01: 143.82022-11-01: 144.22022-12-01: 144.72023-01-01: 145.12023-02-01: 145.52023-03-01: 1462023-04-01: 146.52023-05-01: 146.62023-06-01: 146.92023-07-01: 147.42023-08-01: 1482023-09-01: 148.22023-10-01: 148.72023-11-01: 149.32023-12-01: 149.52024-01-01: 149.72024-02-01: 149.62024-03-01: 150.22024-04-01: 150.32024-05-01: 150.82024-06-01: 1512024-07-01: 151.42024-08-01: 151.62024-09-01: 151.82024-10-01: 152.12024-11-01: 152.42024-12-01: 152.82025-01-01: 153.12025-02-01: 153.82025-03-01: 153.82025-04-01: 154.32025-05-01: 154.62025-06-01: 1552025-07-01: 155.12025-08-01: 155.32025-09-01: 155.62025-10-01: 1562025-11-01: 156.12025-12-01: 156.52026-01-01: 156.62026-02-01: 156.82026-03-01: 156.72026-04-01: 156.82026-05-01: 157.22026-06-01: 157.72026-07-01: 158.12026-08-01: 158.6
Source: Statistics Canada, Consumer Price Index via CRED
Shaded areas indicate Canadian recessions (C.D. Howe Institute).

CPI: All-items Excluding Food and Energy

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